The main employment opportunities of the Doctorate are in the research sector, both at university and in companies. In the university environment, new doctors will be able to apply for calls for research grants, both in Italy and abroad, to continue the research activity started with the doctorate. This is certainly the main employment opportunity for researches of a more theoretical nature. For some research areas (for example History and Teaching of Mathematics) the doctoral training may become important for those who decide to dedicate themselves to teaching. The advanced training acquired during the doctorate will allow new doctors, especially those in the Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences curricula, to aspire to jobs in high-tech companies, where their mathematical (especially applied) and computational skills may be highly sought after. Finally, a possible employment opportunity in the field of quality scientific communication should not be overlooked. The analysis of the employment situation of new doctors who have obtained a doctorate in the mathematical and computational disciplines that are at the basis of this proposal shows that in fact the majority of new doctors find immediate employment in research institutions, both in Italy and abroad.